102 research outputs found

    Worldwide Research on Plant Defense against Biotic Stresses as Improvement for Sustainable Agriculture

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    Agriculture is the basis for food production on a global scale. Sustainable agriculture tries to improve or maintain the quality of food without compromising the environment. As sessile organisms, plants cannot avoid adverse environmental conditions and contact with other living organisms. The damage caused to plants by other living organisms such as parasites and pathogens (virus, bacteria, fungi, nematodes or insects) brings about what is known as biotic stress. Plants are constantly exposed to biotic stress, which causes changes in plant metabolism involving physiological damages that lead to a reduction of their productivity. To fight biotic stress, plants have developed sophisticated defense mechanisms. Thus, understanding plant defense mechanisms might prevent important crop and economic losses. In this article, a bibliometric analysis of biotic stress is carried out. Different aspects of the publications are analyzed, such as publication type, research field, journal type, countries and their institutions, as well as the keyword occurrence frequency, and finally special attention is paid to the plant studied by the leading countries and institutions. As expected, journals selected by authors to publish their relevant findings are plant-specific journals. However, it should be noted that the fourth position, in terms of the number of publications per journal, is occupied by BMC Genomics journal. Such a journal considers mainly articles on genomics, which indicates the involvement of genetic factors in the control of biotic stress. Analysis of the keywords used in publications about biotic stress shows the great interest in the biotic–abiotic stress interaction, in the gene expression regulation in plants as well as phytohormones in the current research. In short, the great effort made by the scientific community in the biotic and abiotic stresses field with the aim to understand, regulate and control plant damages caused by biotic stress agents will help in the development of sustainable agriculture

    Quantification of Total Phenolic and Carotenoid Content in Blackberries (Rubus Fructicosus L.) Using Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) and Multivariate Analysis

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    A rapid method to quantify the total phenolic content (TPC) and total carotenoid content (TCC) in blackberries using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was carried out aiming to provide reductions in analysis time and cost for the food industry. A total of 106 samples were analysed using the Folin-Ciocalteu method for TPC and a method based on Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrometer for TCC. The average contents found for TPC and TCC were 24.27 mg·g−1 dw and 8.30 µg·g−1 dw, respectively. Modified partial least squares (MPLS) regression was used for obtaining the calibration models of these compounds. The RPD (ratio of the standard deviation of the reference data to the standard error of prediction (SEP)) values from external validation for both TPC and TCC were between 1.5 < RPDp < 2.5 and RER values (ratio of the range in the reference data to SEP) were 5.92 for TPC and 8.63 for TCC. These values showed that both equations were suitable for screening purposes. MPLS loading plots showed a high contribution of sugars, chlorophyll, lipids and cellulose in the modelling of prediction equations

    Turismo accesible en áreas protegidas de Mendoza, Argentina

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    The aim of this research is to diagnose the accessibility degree of natural protected areas (NPA) located in Mendoza Province (Argentina) for tourist and recreational activities. In a systemic perspective of tourism, visitors are people with displacement problems –in the framework of accessible tourism– and destinations are NPAs of Mendoza –in the context of outdoor tourism–. Considering numerous criteria, NPAs taken as object of study (Aconcagua, Divisadero Largo and Bosques Telteca) were selected. Each NPA have one authorised trail divided into many sections. Then, natural barriers of each section were registered, detailing frequency and intensity. Together, stones, slopes, snow, sand, and exposure to the sun were the most widespread and serious natural barriers. Finally, solutions in the form of facilities were proposed to these barriers.Esta investigación tiene por objetivo diagnosticar el grado de accesibilidad turísticorecreativa en áreas naturales protegidas (AN P) de la provincia de Mendoza (Argentina). En perspectiva teórico-sistémica, se considera como visitante a toda persona con problemas en el desplazamiento –en el marco del turismo accesible–, y como destino, las AN P mendocinas –en el contexto del turismo de naturaleza–. Metodológicamente, se seleccionaron las AN P objeto de estudio (Aconcagua, Divisadero Largo y Bosques Telteca) según numerosos criterios. Luego, se relevaron las barreras naturales de cada tramo de los senderos turísticos habilitados de esas AN P con detalle de frecuencia e intensidad. En conjunto, piedras, pendientes, nieve, arena y exposición al sol resultaron las barreras naturales más extendidas y graves. Para finalizar, se propusieron soluciones a esas barreras mediante instalaciones turísticorecreativas (pasarela, telecabina y tirolesa, malla de alambre y silla anfibia, ramada)

    Turismo accesible en áreas protegidas de Mendoza, Argentina

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    Esta investigación tiene por objetivo diagnosticar el grado de accesibilidad turísticorecreativa en áreas naturales protegidas (AN P) de la provincia de Mendoza (Argentina). En perspectiva teórico-sistémica, se considera como visitante a toda persona con problemas en el desplazamiento –en el marco del turismo accesible–, y como destino, las AN P mendocinas –en el contexto del turismo de naturaleza–. Metodológicamente, se seleccionaron las AN P objeto de estudio (Aconcagua, Divisadero Largo y Bosques Telteca) según numerosos criterios. Luego, se relevaron las barreras naturales de cada tramo de los senderos turísticos habilitados de esas AN P con detalle de frecuencia e intensidad. En conjunto, piedras, pendientes, nieve, arena y exposición al sol resultaron las barreras naturales más extendidas y graves. Para finalizar, se propusieron soluciones a esas barreras mediante instalaciones turísticorecreativas (pasarela, telecabina y tirolesa, malla de alambre y silla anfibia, ramada)

    "Dictamen jurídico acerca de la actuación del administrador de la sociedad "EL MAR VIVIENDA, S.L." solicitado por las socias de "LA LUNA, S.L.", socia minoritaria de la primera de las mencionadas".

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    Dictamen jurídico en el que se analiza la actuación del administrador de "EL MAR VIVIENDA, S.L." desde el punto de vista de las acciones a ejercitar por las socias de "LA LUNA, S.L.", como socia minoritaria de la primera de las mencionadas. Concretamente se tratan los siguientes asuntos:- Transmisión de participaciones sociales.- Responsabilidad del administrador. - Impugnación de acuerdos sociales. <br /

    NF-κB1/IKKε Gene Expression and Clinical Activity in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis

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    Artículo original científicoObjective: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic and autoimmune disorder whose primary characteristic is the chronic inflammation of joints. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether there was an association between nuclear factor kappa beta1/IKK epsilon (NF-κB1/IKKε) gene expression and clinical activity in RA. Methods: Sixty patients with RA were included in the study: 30 with clinical activity and 30 with clinical remission. NF-κB1/IKKε gene expression was performed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction through relative quantification with Taqman probes. A ROC curve for NF-κB1 and IKKε was also constructed. Results: There were significant differences in NF-κB1 and IKKε gene expression (P ≤ .001 and P ≤ .029, respectively) between RA patients with clinical activity and clinical remission. The multivariate lineal general model showed that the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs influenced the NF-κB1 (P = .046) and IKKε (P = .005) expression. The ROC curves for the event "clinical activity" showed the greater area under the curve for NF-κB1 (0.827, 95% CI 0.717-0.937), P ≤ .001. Conclusion: Although the use of NSAIDs influences the NF-κB1/IKKε pathway, the IKKε expression might be a useful laboratorial analysis to evaluate the RA clinical activity

    El cine como herramienta didáctica para enseñar historia

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    Este trabajo pretende abordar un estado de la cuestión que englobe las particularidades que ofrece el cine como herramienta didáctica a la hora de introducirlo en las aulas de historia, teniendo en cuenta sus ventajas así como los problemas que puede acarrear.<br /

    Effects of Cardiac Rehabilitation on Sleep Quality in Heart Disease Patients with and without Heart Failure

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    nsomnia is a modifiable cardiovascular risk factor. Previous studies suggested that attending a cardiac rehabilitation program may improve sleep quality in cardiac patients and pointed out the association between heart failure and poor sleep quality. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate sleep quality in patients attending a Multidisciplinary Cardiac Rehabilitation Program (MRCP), and to compare sleep quality between patients with and without heart failure. A prospective observational study was carried out on a consecutive sample of 240 patients attending an 8-week MRCP; 50 patients (20.8%) were included due to heart failure (NYHA stages I–III) and the rest of them after having undergone any revascularization procedure or valvular surgery. Before and after the completion of the MRCP, the quality of sleep was assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score. Post-intervention global PSQI scores were statistically significantly lower than those of pre-intervention (p = 0.008), but only 60 patients (25%) registered a clinically significant improvement. When comparing patients with heart failure with those without, no differences in sleep quality were found. This suggests that only a small percentage of patients can achieve clinically significant improvements in sleep quality attending conventional MCRP. Suggestions for future research are given.Partial funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málag

    Etiology and susceptbility to antimicrobials of urinary tract infections in patients of Rehabilitation Unit of a regional hospital

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    Objetivos: Conocer los resultados del estudio microbiológico de las muestras de orina de pacientes de la Unidad de Rehabilitación de un hospital regional, incluyendo los datos locales de sensibilidad antibiótica. Material y métodos: Se analizó la base de datos del Laboratorio de Microbiología del Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves con los estudios microbiológicos de las muestras de orinas realizados durante el año 2012. Se investigó la etiología y la sensibilidad a los antibióticos de los uropatógenos más frecuentes presentes en 143 muestras de orina obtenidas mediante sondaje o cateterismo. Los resultados del estudio de 9066 muestras de orina de micción media de sujetos estudiados en Atención Primaria fueron utilizados como grupo control. Resultados: El 50% de los pacientes neurológicos presentaron urocultivos positivos, frente al 23% de los controles. E. coli fue el microorganismo más frecuentemente aislado en el grupo de enfermos neurológicos, al igual que en los controles. En el estudio de resistencias E. coli presentó altas tasas de resistencia a ampicilina, cotrimoxazol, ciprofloxacino y amoxicilina con ácido clavulánico. Conclusiones: E. coli es el microorganismo más frecuentemente aislado en los dos grupos de pacientes estudiados. Las resistencias a los antibióticos de los microorganismos procedentes de los dos grupos tienen patrones diferentes, siendo globalmente menor a fosfomicina.Objectives: Knowing the results of microbiological tests of urine samples of patients from the Rehabilitation Unit of a regional hospital, including local data of antibiotic susceptibility. Material and methods: We analyzed the database of the Microbiology Laboratory of the Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves with microbiological studies conducted urine samples during 2012. We investigated the etiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of uropathogens frequently present in 143 urine samples. The 9066 survey results voiding urine mean in Primary Care study subjects were used as controls. Results: The 50% of neurological patients had positive urine cultures, versus 23% of controls. E. coli was the most frequently isolated organism group neurological patients, as in the controls. Resistance studies in E. coli showed high rates of resistance to ampicillin, cotrimoxazole, ciprofloxacin and amoxicillin with clavulanic acid. Conclusions: E. coli is the most frequently isolated microorganism in both groups of patients studied. The antibiotic resistance of microorganisms from the two groups have different patterns, being globally less to fosfomycin

    Dependencia funcional, deterioro cognitivo y características de la marcha en adultos mayores con enfermedades crónicas

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    Objetivo: Identificar el nivel y relación de dependencia funcional (DF), deterioro cognitivo (DC) y características de la marcha en adultos mayores (AM) con enfermedades crónicas, habitantes del área metropolitana de Saltillo, Coahuila. Método: Diseño descriptivo correlacional. Muestra constituida por 105 AM de 60 años o más, usuarios de los Centros de Atención e Integración Familiar (CAIF). El tamaño de la muestra se determinó a través del paquete estadístico nQuery Advisor 7.0 considerando análisis de correlación bivariada, nivel de significancia de 0.5 y potencia del 95%. El muestreo fue por conveniencia. La recolección de datos se realizó a través de una cédula de datos socio-demográficas conjuntamente con cuatro instrumentos: para DF 1. Actividades Básicas de la Vida Diaria (AVD) y 2. Actividades Instrumentales de la Vida Diaria (AIVD); para DC 3. Mini Mental State Examination MMS-E; para las características de la marcha, 4. Sistema para Análisis de Marcha GaitRite ©, alphas de 0.730, 0.765, 0.720 y 0.811, respectivamente. Resultados. La edad promedio de los AM participantes es de 75 años (X = 75 ± 6) y escolaridad de 5 años (X = 5 ± 3). La mayor parte son mujeres (81.9%); que viven sin pareja (74.3%) y reportan alguna enfermedad crónico-degenerativa (65%) como Diabetes, 32.4%; Hipertensión, 61% y Enfermedades Articulares, 42%. La prevalencia de: dependencia severa en ABVD 5.7% y AIVD 21.9 %; DC 24 %; Los AM con mayor edad y menor escolaridad, reportan mayor grado de DC (r= .251; p<.05; r= -.259; p<.05, respectivamente) y dependencia para realizar ABVD (r=.297; p<.05) y AIVD (r=.351; p<.05); Por lo menos, el 30% de AM presentabó dificultades para mantener el equilibrio. Además, el 60% presentó dificultades para sentarse porque tienen problemas al medir la distancia entre su propio cuerpo y la silla, caen en la silla o se apoye en él con movimientos inseguros. 29% presentaba dificultades para elevar su pie derecho completamente. Discusión y Conclusiones. Los resultados de este estudio confirman lo que la literatura reporta acerca de la prevalencia y asociación de DF, DC y presencia de enfermedades crónicas características del AM como Diabetes e Hipertensión. Es necesario profundizar en el análisis de este estudio incorporando mediciones acerca del tiempo de diagnóstico de la enfermedad crónica, co-morbilidad, síntomas de depresión y diferencias de género, entre otros aspectos. También los factores asociados a la problemática de la marcha. Para el profesional de Enfermería, la continuidad de este fenómeno de estudio, fortalecerá el cuerpo de conocimientos disciplinares y la atención a las complejas necesidades de cuidado a la salud que demanda este segmento de la población. Palabras Clave: Adulto Mayor, Dependencia Funcional, Deterioro Cognitivo, Marcha
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